Density Altitude & TAS
Pressure altitude adds ~27 ft per hPa below 1013.25. TAS via density-altitude formula.
Wind Correction & Crosswind
Runway-component form: use runway heading as course, and surface wind as wind from.
Unit Conversions
Edit any field; others update live. Avgas density: 6.0 lb/USG ≈ 0.72 kg/L.
Cessna 152 Mass & Balance
Default arms follow published Cessna 152 POH values. Empty mass & arm are per-airframe — check your aircraft's W&B schedule.
| Item | Mass (lbs) | Arm (in) | Moment (lb·in) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Empty (BEW) | - | ||
| Front seats (pilot + pax) | - | ||
| Fuel | USG | - | |
| Baggage A (max 120 lb) | - | ||
| Baggage B (max 40 lb) | - | ||
| Ramp totals | - | - | - |
| Fuel burn to landing | USG | ||
| Landing totals | - | - | - |
Reference only. Always cross-check with the current per-airframe W&B schedule. Combined baggage A+B must not exceed 120 lb. Normal category envelope used.
C152 Takeoff & Landing Distance
UK CAA "Safety Factor" method applied to published C152 reference distances. Flight-planning tool only — always add the legally required safety factor.
Factors: +10% per 1,000 ft PA, +1%/°C above ISA, -2.5% per kt headwind (capped), +5%/kt tailwind, +20% short or +30% long-wet grass, +15% wet paved, +5% per 1% up-slope. Mass (W/Wmax)².
Fuel Planning & Endurance
Aircraft burn-rate defaults are cruise values at typical GA power settings. Override GPH from your POH for accuracy.
Reserves required by CAA/EASA: 30 min VFR day, 45 min VFR night or IFR, plus taxi + alternate + 5–10% contingency. Plan legal fuel, load extra if WX marginal.
Climb Performance
Sea-level ROC derated for density altitude and mass. Time, distance and fuel to reach cruise altitude.
ROC derates ~3.5%/1000 ft density altitude, ~2% per 1% over-mass. Zero at service ceiling. Always verify against the POH climb chart.
Sunrise, Sunset & Civil Twilight
End of Civil Twilight is the latest a UK day-rated PPL may continue VFR flight. Times are local (browser timezone).